FUNDAMENTAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping our world — from how
we communicate and make decisions, to how industries operate and
governments deliver services. In this dynamic landscape,
understanding the foundational principles of AI is more than an
academic exercise; it is a necessity for navigating the future
responsibly and effectively.
This book, Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence, is designed to
serve as a comprehensive introduction for students, educators, and
professionals who are new to the field, as well as for those seeking to
reinforce their foundational understanding. It presents the core
concepts, methodologies, and applications of AI in a structured and
accessible manner, bridging theoretical depth with practical relevance.
The text begins by exploring what AI truly means — from mimicking
human behavior to modeling rational agents — while also addressing
the philosophical and interdisciplinary roots that shape the field. We
trace the historical evolution of AI, examine the risks and rewards it
presents, and establish a conceptual framework for understanding
intelligent agents and environments.

As the book progresses, we delve into the mechanics of problem-
solving through search strategies, knowledge representation through

logic, and decision-making under uncertainty using probabilistic

reasoning. Each concept is carefully explained, supported by real-
world examples and case studies, including several that reflect AI’s

growing presence and impact in India.

We have also included dedicated chapters on contemporary
applications across healthcare, finance, transportation, education,
agriculture, and public policy. The case studies at the end of the book
showcase global and regional AI deployments, emphasizing not only
the potential of AI to drive innovation but also the importance of
ethical and responsible implementation.
Our goal in writing this book is to build a solid foundation for readers
— one that prepares them to further explore specialized AI domains
like machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, and
cognitive computing. Whether you’re a student preparing for an
academic course, an aspiring AI practitioner, or simply a curious
mind, this book aims to equip you with the clarity and confidence to
engage with the evolving world of Artificial Intelligence.
We thank the educators, researchers, and AI pioneers whose work
continues to inspire generations. And most importantly, we thank you
— the reader — for joining us on this journey into the fundamentals
of one of the most transformative technologies of our time.