THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER

Thermodynamics and heat transfer are foundational pillars in
the field of engineering and the physical sciences. Their principles
are essential for understanding and designing systems ranging from
simple household appliances to complex industrial machinery and
power plants. This book, “Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer,”
aims to provide a comprehensive and cohesive exploration of these
vital subjects. The primary objective of this book isto equip students,
researchers, and professionals with a solid understanding of both
thermodynamic principles and heat transfer mechanisms. By
combining theoretical concepts with practical applications, this text
serves as a valuable resource for both academic study and
professional reference.
The book is meticulously structured into distinct sections that
gradually build up the reader’s knowledge and understanding.
Chapter 1 introduces the fundamental principles of thermodynamics,
including essential concepts such as property, state, process, and
equilibrium. This chapter also covers temperature scales, pressure
types, and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, establishing a strong
foundational base. Chapter 2 delves into the core laws governing
thermodynamic processes, with detailed discussions on the First and
Second Laws of Thermodynamics, their applications, limitations,
and related concepts like entropy and the Carnot cycle. Chapter 3
explores the mode of heat transfer through conduction, covering
Fourier’s Law, the general differential equations of heat conduction
in various coordinate systems, and practical scenarios like heat
conduction through plane walls and composite structures. Chapter 4
focuses on heat transfer through convection, examining different
types of flows, boundary layers, and conservation equations,

including discussions on forced and natural convection, as well as
internal and external flows. Chapter 5 provides an in-depth look at
heat transfer by radiation, covering the electromagnetic spectrum,
properties of radiative bodies, laws of radiation, and concepts such
as blackbody radiation, view factors, and radiation shielding.